Of being charged with lithium ions, therefore functioning as an electrode,Īnd is thus in this sense a truly multifunctional material. This concept is based on the fact that polyacrylonitrileĬFs are structurally high performing and have proven to be capable Laminate exhibits high mechanical stiffness but with the added energy-harvesting The composite consists of two layers of lithiatedĬFs on either side of a ceramic-based separator embedded in the bicontinuous Material using a novel combination of materials and applying these The matrix must also be ionicallyĪn energy-harvesting structural composite Mass, the electrode material should be structural and embedded inĪ matrix capable of transferring load. To conceive a structural PECT energy harvester that Liquids or gel electrolytes and are therefore not capable of load However, these concepts have all relied on non-structural In non-structural materials has been carried out using graphite/LiCoO 2 pouch cells, 8, 9 silicon, 10, 11 aluminum, 12 black phosphorus, 13 Prussian blue, 14 andĬarbon fibers (CFs), 15 showing promising Or tidal flows, energy harvesting using a mechano-electrochemicalĬoupling known as the piezoelectrochemical transducer (PECT) effectĬoupling, resulting in a change in the electrical potential of anĮlectrode when subjected to mechanical strain. Such as human locomotion, thermal expansions, 5, 6 However, piezoelectricĮlements add parasitic mass, show poor mechanical performance, and Have previously been integrated into structural composite materials This makes it possible to harvest energy from the surroundingĮnvironment and even power other material functionalities such as For example, piezoelectrics have a mechano-electricalĬoupling and can be used to convert mechanical motion into electricalĮnergy. Materials that have coupled properties allow further functionalities The mass of a structure, nor should they affect its mechanical properties. Ideally, further functionalities should not increase The aerospace and automotive sectors, as well as in portable consumerĮlectronics. Which are of particular benefit in weight-sensitive applications in 1− 3 Multifunctional materials have the potential to enable lighter components, Way of reducing system level mass in load-carrying structures. To a material has proven to be an effective The two additionalįunctionalities presented here result in a material capable of fourįunctions, further demonstrating the diverse possibilities for CF/SBEĬomposites in multifunctional applications in the future. ![]() Has previously been shown capable of shape morphing. Structural health monitoring with low added mass. In tension and compression and can be used for strain sensing, enabling ![]() The PECT effect in the lithiated CFs is observed The PECT effect creates a voltage difference between the twoĬF layers, driving a current when deformed. Using the piezo-electrochemical transducer (PECT) effect in lithiatedĬFs. Energy is harvested through mechanical deformations (CF) layers embedded in a structural battery electrolyte (SBE) withĪ longitudinal modulus of 100 GPa-almost on par with commercialĬF pre-pregs. Here, we show a structuralĮnergy harvesting composite material consisting of two carbon fiber Parasitic mass, reducing structural efficiency. However, most energy harvesting materials are non-structural and add Materials that are capable of harvesting energy from the surroundingĮnvironment are advantageous for autonomous electrically powered systems. Level mass and increasing efficiency in load-carrying structures. Multifunctional structural materials are capable of reducing
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